Select your sector, your water source and where you will use the water; we will show you the treatment stages your process requires, step by step.
Loading the solution finder.
A treatment line consists of stages, each doing a specific job. Which stages are needed depends on the raw water analysis and the water quality the process requires.
Retains coarse particles at the very start of the line.
Retains coarse particles at the very start of the line. Self-cleaning types prevent shutdowns on continuously operating lines.
On well water with a high sand and sediment load, a separator filter separates heavy particles by centrifugal action.
Removal of suspended solids and turbidity.
Removal of suspended solids and turbidity. The most common first stage in treatment lines; a graded sand–gravel bed provides depth filtration.
When the bed becomes saturated it is cleaned by backwashing and returned to service.
Oxidation and retention of dissolved iron and manganese in well water.
Oxidation and retention of dissolved iron and manganese in well water. The principal remedy for red–brown colour and sediment complaints.
Removal of free chlorine, taste, odour and organic matter.
Removal of free chlorine, taste, odour and organic matter. The most common way to remove chlorine ahead of reverse osmosis — membranes have a low tolerance to chlorine.
Removal of the calcium and magnesium that cause hardness, using resin.
It is the pretreatment stage most often used on boiler feed lines, in cooling systems and ahead of reverse osmosis.
When the resin becomes saturated it is regenerated with a salt solution; the regeneration setting directly determines how long the resin lasts.
Retains suspended solids, colloids and bacteria without altering the chemistry of the water.
Membrane filtration operating at low pressure; it retains suspended solids, colloids and bacteria without altering the chemistry of the water.
Ultrafiltration retains particles and microorganisms and passes dissolved salt — which means it does not lower the conductivity of the water.
Delays scale and silica precipitation on the membrane surface.
Delays scale and silica precipitation on the membrane surface. The most decisive parameters in selection are hardness and silica; the right product only becomes clear after a detailed analysis and projection.
The last safety stage ahead of the membrane.
Fine filtration with replaceable cartridges. Widely used as the last safety stage ahead of a membrane; options of 1 micron and below are also effective against colloidal silica.
Removal of hardness, colour and organic load, at lower pressure than RO.
Nanofiltration offers a selectivity between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. It retains multivalent ions (calcium, magnesium, sulfate) to a large extent while letting some of the monovalent ions through.
In applications where the water does not need to be fully demineralised but hardness, colour and organic load do need to come down, it delivers the result with less energy than reverse osmosis.
Removal of dissolved salts; water of low conductivity.
It is used in every industrial process that needs water of low conductivity.
Reverse osmosis retains dissolved salt too, and therefore demands higher pressure and more energy.
Passing the permeate of the first pass through a second membrane pass.
The permeate of the first pass is fed to a second membrane pass; used when a conductivity lower than a single pass can reach is targeted.
[TECHNICAL TEXT FROM THE COMPANY: the conditions under which double-pass osmosis is preferred and how it differs from a single pass]
Production of fresh water from sea water.
[TECHNICAL TEXT FROM THE COMPANY: sea water treatment — operating pressure class, energy recovery, membrane selection and pretreatment arrangement]
Removal of dissolved gases from the water.
[TECHNICAL TEXT FROM THE COMPANY: degasser — on which lines it is required, and its relationship with the ion exchange stage]
Continuous high-purity water without chemical regeneration.
By combining resin and selective membranes with an electric field it produces continuous high-purity water without chemical regeneration.
EDI is fed with water from a reverse osmosis outlet; it does not work without that stage.
A mixed bed requires chemical regeneration; EDI runs continuously on electricity and needs no regeneration chemicals.
Ion removal with an electric field; operates with polarity reversal.
[TECHNICAL TEXT FROM THE COMPANY: EDR — operating principle, where it stands against reverse osmosis and EDI, and on which raw water profile it is preferred]
Full demineralization with ion exchange resins.
Full demineralization with ion exchange resins; for boilers and processes that require high purity.
Mostly used as a polishing stage after reverse osmosis; silica removal takes place in the anion stage.
If outlet quality no longer holds despite regeneration and the cycle length has shortened noticeably, the resin is replaced.
Raising the pH of acidic water and correcting its hardness balance.
Used to raise the pH of acidic water and correct its hardness balance. Particularly useful for stabilising the aggressive water leaving a reverse osmosis unit.
Destroys the ability of microorganisms to reproduce using ultraviolet light.
Ultraviolet light destroys the ability of microorganisms to reproduce. It uses no chemicals and alters neither the taste nor the chemistry of the water; in return it provides no lasting protection in the network and its effectiveness depends on the clarity of the water.
However powerful the UV lamp, there is no disinfection if the light cannot pass through the water. That is why UV is always positioned after the filtration stages.
Disinfection and oxidation with a powerful oxidant.
Disinfection and oxidation with ozone, a powerful oxidant. Also effective on colour, odour and organic matter; ozone is generated on site and never stored.
Controlled chemical feed where a residual disinfectant is needed in the network.
Controlled chemical feed with a dosing pump, solution tank and measuring equipment. Preferred where a residual disinfectant is needed in the distribution network.
If no residual disinfectant is required, UV is sufficient and uses no chemicals. If there is a risk of recontamination on a long distribution line, a method that leaves a residual is needed.
Storage of the treated water and pumping it into the line.
Treated water is stored ready to be pumped to the point of use. The tank volume and the booster set arrangement are determined by the plant’s consumption profile.
Continuous removal of the sediment accumulating in the cooling tower basin.
A bottom-sweep manifold and filtration line for cooling tower basins; the sediment accumulating at the basin floor is removed continuously.
In cooling water it is usually unnecessary to filter the full flow; filtering a portion of the circulating water continuously is enough.
Water passed through sand and carbon filtration and disinfected, suitable for general use within the plant.
The most basic arrangement of a line: suspended solids and turbidity are retained in the sand filter, chlorine, taste and odour in the activated carbon, and disinfection follows.
If the source is not mains water this arrangement is not enough on its own; the pretreatment grows heavier according to the load the raw water carries.
Feedwater for industrial steam boilers; water of low conductivity (electrical conductivity, EC).
On a boiler feed line hardness and conductivity are controlled together: hardness leads to scaling, conductivity to blowdown losses and corrosion.
Softening is the pretreatment stage most often used on boiler feed lines; on high-pressure boilers, membrane and ion exchange stages are added for conductivity and silica control.
The aim is to bring the circulating cooling water of cooling towers into a state where it can be conditioned.
There are two separate jobs at a tower: conditioning the make-up water entering it, and keeping the circulating water clean.
In cooling water it is usually unnecessary to filter the full flow; filtering a portion of the circulating water continuously is enough.
Lowering the hardness raises the number of cycles — which means less water is spent for the same cooling.
Production of water that may enter the final product.
For water that contacts the product, the aim is to deliver the quality the process genuinely needs with the fewest possible stages.
What the production line needs is determined starting from the raw water analysis; filtration, softening, membrane and disinfection stages are combined to the extent required.
Configuring filtration, membrane and disinfection stages together for in-plant drinking and utility water.
The source may be mains or well water; the arrangement changes accordingly.
The sequence is coarse filtration, activated carbon, a membrane stage (NF or RO) and disinfection.
[DEFINITION FROM THE COMPANY: special cooling waters — which of closed circuit, chiller and glycol systems are in scope]
On closed-circuit cooling lines water loss is small, so the starting water quality and corrosion control are arranged differently from an open circuit.
[TECHNICAL TEXT FROM THE COMPANY: the quality targeted in special cooling waters and the stages used]
The removal of the ions that make up the total hardness of the water.
The aim is the removal of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) from the water.
Resin softening is the most common route; when the resin becomes saturated it is regenerated with a salt solution.
There are three routes that deal with hardness and their cost structures differ: softening brings salt consumption and regeneration waste; reverse osmosis gives the lowest conductivity but demands the most energy; nanofiltration sits between the two.
The removal of the ions that make up the conductivity of the water.
Conductivity is a measure of the amount of dissolved ions in water; as it falls the water becomes electrically more insulating and chemically more neutral.
Reverse osmosis retains dissolved salt with a membrane and is used in every industrial process that needs water of low conductivity.
In double-pass reverse osmosis the permeate of the first pass is fed to a second membrane pass; it is preferred when a conductivity lower than a single pass can reach is targeted.
Electrodeionization (EDI) combines resin and selective membranes with an electric field; it gives continuous high-purity water without chemical regeneration, but has to be fed with reverse osmosis permeate.
Electrodialysis reversal (EDR) also removes ions with an electric field: [TECHNICAL TEXT FROM THE COMPANY: the conditions under which EDR is preferred and where it stands against reverse osmosis].
Which of these four routes is right depends on the raw water analysis and on the water quality the process genuinely needs. Osmosis works brand-independently and makes the choice by putting the options side by side with efficiency calculations — so the decision becomes a running-cost calculation rather than a preference for a device.
The process of removing silica from water.
It should be used in systems that require the removal of silica (SiO2) at critical points such as a steam turbine.
Systems suffer serious damage as a result of free silica ions precipitating. With osmosis systems we remove the free silica ions from your water and allow your system to run more efficiently.
Silica control is also carried out in the anion stage of an ion exchange line; ahead of a membrane it is one of the most decisive parameters in antiscalant selection.
No. The line it produces is a starting recommendation showing which treatment stages your selections point to. A quote requires a raw water analysis, the required flow rate and the intended use of the water; we survey the site in person when needed.
The most expensive mistake in water treatment is targeting a higher quality than the process needs. An unnecessary membrane stage permanently raises the investment as well as the energy and consumable costs. That is why we start a project by asking which water this process wants, not which device we can sell.
Yes. Even without an analysis you can see which stages come into play based on your selections. If you do not have one, we determine together which parameters need measuring and advise on the sampling point and method.
If you have an existing line, measuring it first is the right approach: falling capacity, quality deviation or rising consumption usually call for improvement rather than new investment. A system analysis is the first thing to do before committing to new investment.
Your selections are held in your browser’s address bar; they do not reach us unless you send a quote request. When you do send one, the information you provide is used solely to prepare your quote.
That is not a problem. What determines the treatment arrangement is not the name of the sector but the raw water analysis and the water quality the process requires. Continuing with the “Other” option and selecting your water source and intended use is enough.
Resin softeners for hardness removal; resin replacement and regeneration tuning.
View →Complete lines that build the water quality your production needs, starting from the raw water analysis.
View →Measuring your existing treatment line and finding the bottleneck; the first thing to do before investing in anything new.
View →Let us size the system together; we will survey the site in person if needed.
